pengolahan laboratorium

MAKALAH

PENGELOLAAN LABORATORIUM

PEMELIHARAAN DAN PENYIMPANAN ALAT

Diajukan untuk memenuhu salah satu Mata KuliahBiologi

DOSEN : BAPAK ADI MALADONA, S.Pd

Disusun oleh:

KELAS: 1 A KARYAWAN

1. DEDENURAZIZAH (2119140053)

2. EKO SUSILOWATI (2119140080)

3. LUKMAN FAUZI (2119140072)

4. AI RENI (21191400..)

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNIVERSITAS GALUHCIAMIS

2014/2015

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTING LABORATORY’S TOOLS

A. CHEMISTRY LABORATORY TOOLS

1. LabuUkur 4. Pipetukur

2. Gelasukur 5. Pipettetes

3. Gelasbeker 6. Penjepittabungreaksi … etc

B. SAINS OR BIOLOGY LABORATORY TOOLS

1. Brightfield Microscope (MikroskopCahaya) 4. Hot plate stirrer dan Stirrer bar

2. Autoklaf 5. Cawan Petri (Petri Dish)

3. Incubator (Inkubator) 6. Erlenmeyer Flask (Labu Erlenmeyer) … etc

C. PHYSICS LABORATORY TOOLS

1. Mistar 4. Thermometer

2. Jangkasorong 5. Dynamometer (neracapegas)

3. Micrometer sekrup 6. Batangstatif … etc

CHAPTER II

HOW TO MAINTENANCE AND STORAGE OF LABORATORY

MAINTENANCE AND STORAGE DEVICES

Principles that need to be considered in the storage of tools and materials in the laboratory:

1. Safe

Tool that is stored safe from thieves and damage, on the basis of a tool that is easy to carry and expensive like a stop watch should be kept in a locked cabinet. Safe also means do not cause damage to the equipment and materials due to reduced function.

2. Easy search

To facilitate the search for the location of each - each tool and material, should be marked by using a label on each storage place (cabinets, shelves or drawers).

3. Easy taken

Storage required storage space and equipment such as cabinets, shelves and drawers that size is adjusted by the area available.

Method and material storage can be based on the type of appliance, subject, class experiments and material for tools:

1. Grouping of tools - tools such as physics by subject: Style and Business (Mechanics), Heat, Sound, Wave, Optical, Magnetic, Electric, Science, and repair tool.

2. Grouping tool - a tool classified in accordance biology experiments, such as: Anatomy, Physiology, Ecology and Morphology.

3. Grouping tool - a tool based on the chemistry of the tool-making material such as metal, glass, porcelain, plastic and rubber.

Storage of equipment and materials in addition based on things - things above, there are a few things to note are:

1. The microscope is stored in a separate cupboard with a hygroscopic substance and mounted lights that are always lit to keep the air dry and prevent the growth of mold.

2. shaped tool sets, storage should be in the form of a set that is not installed.

3. There is a tool that should be placed on, for example, hygrometer, balance arm and glass beaker.

4. The instrument has a relatively heavy weight, stored in a place that is no higher than shoulder height.

5. Storage of chemicals must be clearly labeled and arranged alphabetically.

6. toxic chemicals should be stored in a separate cupboard and locked, volatile chemicals should be stored in a separate room with good ventilation.

Storage need to pay attention to the frequency of use of tools. If the tool that is often used they shall be stored in a place that is easily taken. Tool - a tool that may be taken by students with the knowledge of the tutor, should be placed on a desk or in a closet demonstration under ceramic table on the wall. Examples of tools that are able to put on a demonstration table is: foot three, asbestos with gauze and the reaction tube.

Storage and maintenance of equipment / materials must take into account the source of damage to the equipment and materials.

Source tools and material damage caused by the environment covers it - the following:

1. Air

Air contains oxygen and water vapor (humidity memilki). The content of this allows the tool of iron becomes rusty and makes dull metals such as copper and brass. Efforts to prevent such goods bleak exposed to free air by means painting, polish, varnish and coating with chrome or nickel. Contact with free air can cause the chemicals to react. As a result of a chemical reaction with the free air as the emergence of new substances, precipitation, gas and heat. The impact of these chemicals do not work anymore and can cause accidents and poisoning.

2. Water and acid - base

Laboratory equipment should be stored in a dry and clean, away from water, acids and bases. Compounds of water, acids and bases can be

causing damage to tools such as rust, corrosion and change its function. Chemicals that react with other chemicals cause the material is not working anymore and generate new substances, gas, sediment, heat and possible explosion.

3. Temperature

High or low temperatures may result in: a tool to expand or shrink, stimulate oxidation, paint damage and impair the functioning of electronic devices.

4. Mechanical

Should avoid the tools and materials of the collision, the pull and pressure. Mechanical disruption can cause damage to the equipment / materials.

5. Light

In general, tools and chemicals should be avoided from direct sun.

Structuring and storage / material is based on:

· The state laboratory determined by the facility, laboratory arrangement, and the state of the tools / materials.

· The interests of the user is determined by the ease sought and achieved, security storage and uptake.

Grouping based on the state is divided into:

· Tools: grouped on the type of tool, the type of material for tools, how often the tool used, or the type of experiment.

· Material / Substance: grouped on the type of material (phase / states of matter, acid-base properties of the substance), how dangerous the material, and how often the material used.

CHAPTER III

SOME OF TECHNIQUES IN THE LABORATORY

The basic technique works in the lab.

1. How to heat the liquid

Should pay attention to the possibility of bumping (meloncatnya fluid due to drastic temperature increase). How to prevent it by adding boiling stone into the beaker.

2. The addition of liquid in a test tube

Do not let the mouth of the test tube to direct the practitioner both themselves and others. Squeeze the test tube in the tube close to the mouth of the tube. The position of the tube when heated at a slight angle, stir and shake occasionally.

3. Heating the liquid in the beaker and flask erlenmeyer

The lower part can be in direct contact with the flame while the liquid gently shake occasionally lifted when boiling.

4. How to read a volume on the measuring cup

Enter the liquid to be measured and then align with a pipette until the desired scale.

5. How to inhale the smell of substances

Never inhale the gas or vapor compounds directly, use your hand to flick the slight smell of gas samples into the nose.

6. How to use analytical balance

a) Zeroed in advance of the balance sheet

b) Put the substance to be weighed on the scales

c) Read the value stated on the balance of the monitor screen

d) After use, re-zeroed the balance sheet (Sumardjo, 2010)

Basis of storage, namely:

1. Type Tool

For example Glasses Chemistry, Funnel, Petri dish, Mortar and Alu

2. Material Type Author

For example, Glass, Porcelain, Metal and Wood

3. Experiment

For example, rate of reaction, equilibrium, etc.

4. How often the tool used

· The frequently used example: beaker

· The rarely used for example: a mortar and pestle

The basis of the storage of materials, namely:

· Being Material: solid and liquid

· Nature Materials: acids and bases

· Nature of Hazard: corrosive, toxic, flammable etc.

· How often is used

· The amount of material stored

CHAPTER IV

INTRODUCTION LABORATORY TOOLS AND HOW TO USE OF TOOLS

The basic equipment in the laboratory are as follows:

1. Glass Chemistry

Measuring beaker function volume of a solution that does not require a high level of accuracy (Sutrisno, et al, 2010).

2. Measure glass

Measuring cup is used to measure the volume of solution that does not require a high level of accuracy in a certain amount, measuring cups can not be used to heat the solution or liquid substances as well as beaker (Sutrisno, et al, 2010).

3. Flask

Erlenmeyer Flasks function for storing and heating the solution (Sutrisno, et al, 2010).

4. Buret

Buret serves to remove the solution with a certain volume is usually used for titration (Sutrisno, et al, 2010).

5. Pipette Volumetric

Volumetric pipette is used to take a substance with a predetermined volume with higher accuracy.

6. Funnel

Funnel serves to filter the chemical reaction mixture (Sutrisno, et al, 2010).

7. Batangpengaduk

Made of heat-resistant glass, used for mixing liquids in a beaker (Day, 1998).

8. Test Tube

Test tube serves for mixing or heating substances in small quantities. If used as a container of a substance is heated, the reaction tube must be held with a clamp or clamps (Brady, 1998).

9. Three Legs

Leg three serves to keep the wire gauze on the surface it will be done when the combustion process.

10. Wire mesh

Wire gauze serves as a pedestal in the spread of heat coming from the Bunsen (Sutrisno, et al, 2010)

11. Thermometers

Thermometer function in temperature measurement. In basic chemistry laboratory measured but not badanatau room temperature a solution.

12. Spatula

In the form of a long spoon with a flat top edge, made of stainless steel or aluminum.

13. Pipette drops

To take teteran small-scale fluid by measuring the volume carefully.

14. Burner spritus

Source fire to heat chemicals.